Woodworking Resources
Essential guides, measurement references, and building code information for woodworking projects
Measurement Guides
Board Feet Basics
Board feet (BF) is the standard measurement for lumber volume in the United States:
Board Feet = (Length × Width × Thickness) ÷ 144 × Quantity
Length in feet, Width and Thickness in inches
Example: A board 8 feet long, 6 inches wide, and 1 inch thick = (8 × 6 × 1) ÷ 144 = 0.33 board feet
Common Measurement Mistakes
- Nominal vs. Actual Dimensions: A "2×4" is actually 1.5" × 3.5"
- Board Feet vs. Linear Feet: Don't confuse volume with length
- Missing Waste Factor: Always add 10-15% for cuts and mistakes
- Ignoring Unit Conversions: Keep length in feet, width/thickness in inches
Building Code References
⚠️ Important Note
Building codes vary by location and are updated regularly. Always verify current codes with your local building department before starting construction.
IRC Stair Requirements
- Riser Height: Maximum 7.75", minimum 7" (IRC R311.7.5.1)
- Tread Depth: Minimum 10" measured horizontally (IRC R311.7.5.2)
- Riser Variation: Maximum 3/8" difference between any two risers
- Headroom: Minimum 6'8" (80") clearance throughout stairway
- Handrails: Required on one side minimum, both sides for stairs wider than 44"
Deck Joist Span Tables (Typical)
Southern Pine #2 Grade, 16" O.C. Spacing:
| Joist Size | Maximum Span |
|---|---|
| 2×6 | 9' 9" |
| 2×8 | 12' 10" |
| 2×10 | 16' 5" |
| 2×12 | 20' 0" |
Note: Actual spans depend on species, grade, spacing, and local codes
Lumber Grades & Types
Dimensional Lumber Grades
- Select Structural: Highest grade, fewest knots, used for structural applications requiring maximum strength
- #1 & Better: High quality, suitable for structural use, minimal defects
- #2: Most common construction grade, good strength with some knots
- #3: Economy grade, suitable for light framing and temporary structures
- Stud Grade: Specifically for vertical wall framing, typically 8' or 9' lengths
Common Lumber Species
- Southern Pine: Strong, readily available, good for structural applications
- Douglas Fir: Very strong, excellent for beams and framing
- Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF): Common framing lumber, economical
- Hem-Fir: Western species, good all-purpose framing lumber
- Cedar: Naturally rot-resistant, ideal for outdoor projects
- Pressure-Treated: Chemically treated for outdoor use, required for ground contact
Common Construction Mistakes to Avoid
Always order 10-15% extra to account for cutting waste, mistakes, and damaged pieces
Calculate screws/nails needed - typically 2 fasteners per joist/stud connection
Using undersized joists or rafters can lead to structural failure - always verify spans
Most structural projects require permits - avoid fines and unsafe construction
Small errors compound quickly - check frequently during construction
Let lumber acclimate to job site conditions, reject badly warped pieces
Essential Measurement Tools
Layout & Measuring
- • 25' tape measure (minimum)
- • Framing square
- • Speed square
- • Chalk line
- • Level (4' and 2')
- • Story pole for stairs
Checking & Verification
- • Digital angle finder
- • 3-4-5 triangle for square
- • Plumb bob
- • Combination square
- • Moisture meter for lumber
Additional Resources
Disclaimer
This information is provided for educational purposes only. Building codes and requirements vary by jurisdiction and change over time. Always consult current local building codes, licensed professionals, and building inspectors for your specific project and location.